To understand why Argon is used in welding we must first look at the properties of Argon itself. Argon is colourless, odourless, and non-toxic in all three of its states including gas. Most importantly it is part of the inert gas family, this means it has an extremely low reactivity with other substances.
These properties are what make the gas so useful to the welding community. Inert gases also known as shield gases by welders, because they act as a barrier between the atmosphere and the weld itself. They block out and prevent oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the airs atmosphere becoming in contact with the molten weld pool. If these elements become in contact with the weld they can cause a variety of problems such as excessive spatter and holes within the weld head known as porosity. This process of using Argon gas is most often used when a flux isn’t present, such as MIG or TIG welding (Tungsten inert gas).
In other processes welds are protected using flux, for example in shielded metal arc welding an electrode cover flux is used. This produces a semi-inert gas carbon dioxide as it is consumed; this gas creates a shield for the steel welding. Improper using of welding gas can lead to a porous and week weld or excessive splatter – while this doesn’t affect the strength it will affect the appearance of the weld and will cause unnecessary time removing the excess.
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